The participating countries comprise much of the land-area of the Northern Hemisphere. Most of its 57 participating countries are in Europe, but with some members in Asia or in North America. The OSCE had its origins in 1975: its predecessors came together during the era of the Cold War to form a forum for discussion between the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. It has observer status at the United Nations. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna, Austria, and its institutions. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, the promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and free and fair elections. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.
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